A Grammar of Turkish Sign Language (TİD)

Verb-oriented adverbials can be expressed by manually, applying internal modification to the verb or co-articulating a verb with a non-manual marker.

 

     Below is an example of a manual expression of a verb-oriented adverbial. The meaning "writing quickly" is expressed by signing "quick" and "writing" separately.

 

competition exam ıx₁ take write slow all fast quick write finish go ıx₁ alone leave.

"I took an exam. While I was writing slowly, everybody wrote quickly and went. I was left alone."

(http://tidsozluk.net/vidz_proc/0294/ornek/294-03_cr_0.2.mp4)

 

The following example shows the verb walk without adverbial modification. 

 

 

 

walk

 

However, to express the meaning ‘walking quickly’, the verb walk is articulated with a quicker movement, pursed lips, and lowered eyebrows as can be seen below:

 

 

 

walking_quickly

 

 

The following shows the verb work without adverbial modification.

 

 

 

 

work

 

In the following example, the verb work is articulated with a slower movement and a non-manual marker, puffed cheeks, to express ‘working slowly’.

 

 

working_slowly

(r.f. Dikyuva et. al. 2017: 179)

 

Other non-manuals used with adverbial function are lip bite and pursed lips with raised eyebrows. When the verb work is co-articulated with lip bite, it means ‘working willingly’.

 

 

 

working_willingly

 

 (r.f. Dikyuva et. al. 2017: 179)

When it is co-articulated with pursed lips and raised eyebrows, it means ‘working diligently’. 

 

 

 

working_diligently

 

(r.f. Dikyuva et. al. 2017: 179)